What kind of attack targets the Domain Name System (DNS)?

The choice identifying DNS spoofing is correct because it directly refers to a specific type of attack where a malicious actor alters DNS records to redirect traffic from a legitimate site to a fraudulent one. This deception can lead users to unknowingly provide sensitive information to attackers, as they believe they are on a trusted site.

DNS spoofing takes advantage of the DNS system's reliance on caching and the fact that DNS requests and responses are often not cryptographically secured. By providing false DNS responses, the attacker can effectively reroute traffic, manipulate network sessions, or intercept sensitive data.

While DNS poisoning and DNS hijacking involve altering DNS records, they encompass broader techniques or goals compared to the specific action of spoofing a response. DNS tunneling, on the other hand, is a method of transmitting data over DNS protocol queries and cannot be classified directly as a threat to the integrity of DNS itself. Thus, the focus on DNS spoofing as a targeted attack on the integrity of the DNS resolution process makes it the most precise answer.