What is the purpose of multi-factor authentication?

The purpose of multi-factor authentication (MFA) is to enhance security through multiple verification methods. MFA requires users to present two or more independent credentials to verify their identity before gaining access to a system or application. These credentials typically fall into three categories: something you know (like a password), something you have (like a smartphone or hardware token), and something you are (such as biometrics).

By implementing multiple factors, MFA significantly reduces the likelihood of unauthorized access even if one factor, such as a password, is compromised. This layered approach means that an attacker would need to obtain not just one piece of information but several different forms of verification, making it much more difficult for them to bypass security protocols and gain access to sensitive data or systems. As a result, MFA is a critical component in modern cybersecurity strategies aimed at protecting user accounts and sensitive information.